Category Archives: 09 ❖ MOTIVATING ESL STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

These posting include techniques for motivating ESL students and perspectives for motivating teachers.

• Real-Time Opportunities: Building Language Skills in the Moment

My first impulse was to do an over-the-top eye roll in response to Elio’s question.

When I first introduced the next essay unit, I emphasized that students could use any of the five types of introductions we had studied. As they were starting their drafts, Elio asked me if they had to use a dramatic introduction, one of the five we had practiced.

My first inclination: Reproach him for not paying attention: “Don’t you remember what I said? Remember the PowerPoint? Were you not paying attention?”

However, I quickly realized that this was an opportunity to compliment a student for applying in real life a conversation strategy we had practiced—in this case, asking a clarification question.

My teachable-moment response: “Thank you for asking a clarification question before you started writing, Elio. No, you can use any of the five introduction types that we practiced. It’s always good to ask a question like this in all of your classes.”

The important thing wasn’t simply that Elio had asked a question. He had used English to solve a real problem at exactly the moment he needed it.

These kinds of teachable moments come up all the time. We just need to notice them and take advantage of them.

Research on language learning suggests that students are more likely to notice and remember language when it arises from something they are actually trying to communicate. When these situations come up in our classrooms, they give us a natural opportunity to teach language that students can use in real life.

More opportunities

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• A More Effective Way to Mark Grammar Errors—and Develop Self-Editing Skills (updated)

Cover codes in margin shot

(This posting includes a handout which you are welcome to use with your students.)*

Because this technique gives students a chance to discover their own grammar errors, we’ve found that it greatly improves their self-editing skills. Those skills will continue to be valuable as students move beyond their ESL courses.

The difference may seem small, but it changes the student’s role. Instead of simply correcting errors the teacher has identified, the student has to find the error and figure out how to correct it. That’s what makes the technique so useful for developing self-editing skills.

Below is a description of the technique, along with a handout exercise that introduces students to it.

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• Effective and Ineffective Praise of Students for Motivation

(This article was originally published in MET (Modern English Teaching) in the March/April 2026 issue.)  MET website

I realize now that I probably had been making a mistake over the past decade of teaching, according to research.

In my Advanced ESL Writing course, every term, I usually had one or two outstanding writers. I wanted to compliment those students at the end of the course with the hope that it could motivate them and give them a positive attitude going forward. On those students’ final essays, I often wrote. “You are a talented writer.” That was not a good idea. I recently learned why, and also, what kinds of compliments would be better.

Research has shown that complimenting students “appropriately” can motivate them and can strengthen our relationship with them.  However, certain types of compliments can unintentionally cause pressure on them.

In one study, after 117 undergraduates took a verbal reasoning test, they received one of three types of written feedback:

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• A Six-Word Phrase That Improves Students’ Cooperation

Early in the term, I realized one of the students, Benji, was the type of student who would have trouble following the social norms of the class—such as coming to class on time. I had heard that other teachers had struggled with him, and I could imagine how they approached him. I knew I was going to have to be creative.

One day, there was a loud lawn mower outside out room, so I asked Benji if he could do me a favor and close the window. He smiled, jumped up, closed it and returned to his seat. Then he looked at me and we smiled at each other. From that day on, I noticed Benji becoming much more cooperative, including coming to class on time.

I suddenly realized the power of the phrase, “Could you do me a favor?”

It seems logical that if we do a favor for someone–like lending them a pen–it will make them more likely to reciprocate and do us a favor, for example, make some photocopies for us. However, the Benji experience was the reverse. Psychologists call it the “Benjamin Franklin Effect.” Asking someone for a small, easily fulfilled favor (like borrowing a pen, asking for directions, or opening a window) is often more effective at building a connection than offering to do something for them, which can sometimes feel transactional or overwhelming.

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